Invest 101 - What we need before Invest?

My preparation before invest:
  1. Fund to cover personal/family urgent usage. This is to avoid Force Selling (force to sell share at low price to cover urgent used.) :
  2. - Daily Expanses and also 3 to 6 month Urgent Fund.
    - Necessary insurance coverage.
  3. Recurring Fund for investment and isolate it.
  4. - Monthly allocated fund for investment. Example MYR 500.
    - These investment fund must be isolated, keep in liquid place like short term FD and only will be used for investment purpose.
  5. Understand Compounding Concept and set a annual growth Target
  6. - Personally i set it to 8%. It is not that simple as these 8% need to be Consistent.
  7. Portfolio Sizing Strategy
  8. - Although a lot people say cannot own too many share to be success. But my experience tell me Don't Overweight in 1 stock.
    - Anything can happen to a company/country/world, let say fundamental is good, but building will collapse, earth will quake, Covid-19 will come, too many thing can happen.
    - Portfolio Sizing is good way to distribute risk and achieve 8% growth. Take Covid-19 as example, there are company who rise and drop, by owning both, you never lose.
    Even BRKA also didn't All IN in Coca-Cola or Apple.
  9. Learn and setup Criteria for Stock Pick/Build watchlist
  10. These step is to screen a list of GOOD Company and WATCH them, don't buy.
    At this stage, our target is only to find Good Company, they might be still overprice so just keep them in watchlist.
    I use multiple way, easiest way is follow YouTube, investing website to get some company name. Then do self study on their 3-5 year annual report.
  11. Learn and setup Valuation on your watchlist
  12. We have a list of good company now, but what price and when to buy them?
    There are multiple indicator and method to do valuation to ensure we buy the share at fair value or undervalue.
    We can use PE (price/eps), DCF (discounted cashflow), PS (price/sale), and etc. But definitely NOT ONLY SHARE PRICE to decide a Share is cheap or not.
  13. Continuous Learn and Improving
  14. Investment is a long way to go. We need keep improving and learning to ensure we are up to date.
    Investment related to Business. Business changed from time to time, 1st, 2nd ,3rd and 4th Industrial Revolution. We need to learn to adapt to changes.

Main mistake I made for pass few years.

The mistake I made was only do step 6 and ignore all other Step. Often, I buy because I "Feel it's Worth".Without portfolio sizing, without proper planning and without proper study and evaluation. Just get some tips and purchase the stock. Moreover, I also set a High Expectation on target growth 50-100%. End up I learned a big lesson from this.

2019 onward, I cut loss all my old portfolio and reviewed my failure then setup above criteria.

A simple math that show why consistent low return better than unstable high return.
Scenario 1 high return but risky:
1st year +100%
2nd year +100%
3rd year -80%
Initial cost 100 , 3 year later you left 80. Suffer in loss for 20%

Scenario 2 lower return but stable:
1st year +8%
2nd year +8%
3rd year +8%
Initial cost 100 , 3 year later become 125. A increase of 25%.